Diesel Engine Main Parts - Rudolf Diesel, maybe that name
sounds strange to ours. But he is the one behind the invention of diesel
engines. The diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that utilizes
diesel fuel to perform the combustion process. The working principle of the
diesel engine is almost the same as gasoline engine, but there is little
difference in step effort this machine.
How about the components ? is there any different ? of
course there is a difference between diesel and gasoline engines. This
difference arises because the diesel engine is have harder duty cycle, so the
material used must also be adjusted. But in general 4 stroke diesel engine
components are not nearly the same as 4-stroke gasoline engine. If we discuss,
there will be hundreds of components on a 4 stroke diesel engine. These
components certainly have their own duties and functions.
For now we will only discuss the main parts of 4 stroke
diesel engine and their functions. The main component of a diesel engine is all
the components that are directly related to the 4 stroke diesel fuel cycle.
While other components that are not directly related like altenator or starter
motor we will discuss in another article. So, what is the name of the main
components of diesel engine 4 stroke? refer to the article below
1.Cylinder Block Asyembly
Cylinder block is the main component of internal combustion
engine both 2 stroke and 4 stroke. This component becomes a primary component
to place various engine compartments that support the working process of the
machine. As we can see in the picture above, the shape of the cylinder block of
each machine is generally the same but the details will be different. That's
because the details of the cylinder block are adjusted with all components that
will stick to this block.
Cylinder block made of cast iron which has a high degree of
precision. Generally on a block cylinder has several components ;
- Cylinder / main linner. This component will serve as a place up and down the piston.The components is made of iron and aluminum alloy located inside of engine block using press methode, so it will be difficult to detach.
- Water jacket. Water jacket is a cooling water sheath located inside the engine block. The goal for the engine cooling process takes place. hole-shaped water jacket inside the cylinder block that surrounds the linner.
- Oil feed lines. The oil hole on the cylinder block serves to create the engine oil line from the cylinder head to the crankcase. This hole will support the engine oil circulation process to all diesel engine parts.
2. Cylinder Head Asyembly
The second component unit is located on the top of the engine.
Similar to cylinder block, this component is also made of cast material.
Currently aluminum head cylinder seems to be an option, because it is lighter
and stronger. This unit consists of valve & spring, camshaft, rocker arm, and
combustion chamber.
- Valve & spring. This component becomes the door that will open and close the intake and exhaust channels on the combustion room. While spring will keep the valve closed.
- Camshaft. Camshaft is a component that have several cam, this cam have a fungtion to press the valve. Once valve pressed, the chanel of intake or exhaust port will open.
- Rocker arm. This component will press the valve when the nok touches the top of the rocker arm. So the in / ex channel can open. Generally rocker arm has valve gap adjustment system, either manual or automatic (Hydrolic Lash Adjuster).
- Combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is a small space used for combustion. the result is a blast of fire used to push the piston down. Usually this combustion chamber is found on indirect injection diesel engine.
3.Piston and connecting rod
Piston have a function to adjust the volume inside the
cylinder. why the volume of the cylinder needs to be regulated? this is so that
the working process of the 4 stroke engine can take place. In this case when
the piston moves down the volume of the cylinder will enlarge, while when the
piston moves up the volume of the cylinder will shrink. While connecting rod
serves to continue the motion up and down the piston to flywheel. In general
there are three core parts on the piston namely;
- Ring compression. This rings are elastic in function to prevent the occurrence of air leaks during the compression stroke. The way this ring works is to close the gap between the piston wall and the main linner.
- Oil ring. Ring printed under the compression ring serves to prevent engine oil from entering the combustion chamber.
- Pin pistons. A pin located inside the piston to connect the piston with the connecting rod. This pin is tubular, when connected to the small end it will function like a hinge.
4. Crankshaft
Crankshaft is a
component made of cast iron which is used to turn the piston up and down motion
into a rotary movement. The working principle of crankshaft is similar when we using
a bicycle. Because it is related to the pressure of the piston, the crankshaft
should not be supple or fracture when it gets pressure from the piston. For
this component is made of special iron alloy that has high strength and
anti-fastness. Some parts on the crankshaft are;
Crank pin. Crank pin is a pin that will connect to the big
end on the connecting rod.
Crank journal. While the crank journal is a pin that serves
as a shaft on the crankshaft in order to spin. Crank journaling will be
attached to the cylinder block.
Weight balance. This component is located opposite the crank
pin, its function as a counterweight as well as to drain the oil to the entire
inside of the machine.
5. Oil Pan
Oil pan (Carter) is a special tub that serves to accommodate
engine oil. Although only served as a container of engine oil, this component
also can not be made carelessly. Generally these components are made of thin
iron like zinc, but some cars have combined with thicker materials.
6. Timming Chain Asyembly
The timing chain is included in the valve mechanism system,
its function to connect the crankshaft and camshaft rotation with a certain
angle. The component of this chain is located on the front of the engine. This
chain will connect the sprocket gear from the crankshaft with the sprocket gear
of the camshaft.
7. Fly Wheel
Flywheel initially serves to balance the engine speed. This
component is made of solid iron that can store torque, that's why this
component can balancing the engine speed.
In addition, flywheel also serves to power the engine, this
can be seen from the outside of the flywheel that has many gear. The gear will
be connected with starter motor pinnion to start the engine.
8. Fuel System Asyembly
This component consists of fuel tank to injector. Diesel
fuel system serves to supply a number of diesel fuel into the combustion
chamber during the stroke. There are two kinds of fuel systems in diesel
engines, namely conventional and common rail systems. The advantages of diesel
engines that use common rail is more efficient and economic. This is because
the common rail system has been carrying computerized control, so the
calculations can be done accurately.
The above components are very influential on the success of
the diesel engine working cycle. If there is damage to any of the above components,
the diesel working process will be disrupted.
Probably enough to here our discussion of the main parts of
diesel engine and their function, may be useful.